Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography: Birth, Death Anniversary, Achievements, Contributions
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography: Birth, Death Anniversary, Achievements, Contributions.
नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस की जीवनी: जन्म, पुण्यतिथि, उपलब्धियां, योगदान
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography:
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian Nationalist
whose patriotism towards India has left a mark in the hearts of many Indians.
He is famously known as the founder of 'Azad Hind Fauj' and his famous slogan
is 'Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Aazadi Dunga'. Today we are celebrating his
126th Birth Anniversary as Parakram Diwas.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January,1897 in
Cuttack, Orissa and he died on 18 August,1945, in a hospital in Taiwan after
suffering from burn injuries sustained in a plane crash.
Subhas
Chandra Bose is considered the most influential freedom fighter with
extraordinary leadership skills and a charismatic orator. His famous slogans
are 'tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe
aazadi dunga', 'Jai Hind', and 'Delhi Chalo'. He formed
Azad Hind Fauj and made several contributions to India's freedom struggle. He
is known for his militant approach that he used to gain independence and for
his socialist policies.
नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस जीवनी: नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस एक भारतीय राष्ट्रवादी थे जिनकी भारत के प्रति देशभक्ति ने कई भारतीयों के दिलों में छाप छोड़ी है। उन्हें 'आजाद हिंद फौज' के संस्थापक के रूप में जाना जाता है और उनका प्रसिद्ध नारा 'तुम मुझे खून दो, मैं तुम्हें आजादी दूंगा' है। आज हम उनकी 126वीं जयंती को पराक्रम दिवस के रूप में मना रहे हैं।
नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस का जन्म 23 जनवरी, 1897 को उड़ीसा के कटक में हुआ था और 18 अगस्त, 1945 को ताइवान के एक अस्पताल में एक विमान दुर्घटना में लगी चोटों के कारण उनकी मृत्यु हो गई थी।सुभाष चंद्र बोस को असाधारण नेतृत्व कौशल और एक करिश्माई वक्ता के साथ सबसे प्रभावशाली स्वतंत्रता सेनानी माना जाता है। उनके प्रसिद्ध नारे 'तुम मुझे खून दो, मैं तुम्हें आजादी दूंगा', 'जय हिंद' और 'दिल्ली चलो' हैं। उन्होंने आजाद हिंद फौज का गठन किया और भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में कई योगदान दिए। वह अपने उग्रवादी दृष्टिकोण के लिए जाना जाता है कि वह आजादी हासिल करने और अपनी समाजवादी नीतियों के लिए इस्तेमाल करता था।
Date of Birth: January 23, 1897
Place of Birth: Cuttack, Odisha
Parents: Janakinath Bose (father) and
Prabhavati Devi (mother)
Spouse: Emily Schenkl
Children: Anita Bose Pfaff
Education: Ravenshaw Collegiate School,
Cuttack; Presidency College, Calcutta; University of Cambridge, England
Associations (Political Party): Indian National Congress;
Forward Bloc; Indian National Army
Movements: Indian Freedom Movement
Political Ideology: Nationalism; Communism;
Fascism-inclined
Religious Beliefs: Hinduism
Subhas Chandra Bose: Family history and early life
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January, 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling at the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.
सुभाष चंद्र बोस: पारिवारिक इतिहास और प्रारंभिक जीवन
नेताजी सुभाष चंद्र बोस का जन्म 23 जनवरी, 1897 को कटक (उड़ीसा) में प्रभावती दत्त बोस और जानकीनाथ बोस के घर हुआ था। उनके पिता कटक में एक सफल वकील थे और उन्हें "राय बहादुर" की उपाधि मिली थी। उन्होंने अपनी स्कूली शिक्षा कटक के प्रोटेस्टेंट यूरोपियन स्कूल (वर्तमान में स्टीवर्ट हाई स्कूल) में अपने भाई-बहनों की तरह की। उन्होंने प्रेसीडेंसी कॉलेज से स्नातक किया। वे 16 वर्ष की आयु में स्वामी विवेकानंद और रामकृष्ण की रचनाओं को पढ़ने के बाद उनकी शिक्षाओं से प्रभावित हुए। उसके बाद उन्हें उनके माता-पिता ने भारतीय सिविल सेवा की तैयारी के लिए इंग्लैंड के कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय भेजा। 1920 में उन्होंने सिविल सेवा परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण की, लेकिन अप्रैल 1921 में, भारत में राष्ट्रवादी उथल-पुथल के बारे में सुनने के बाद, उन्होंने अपनी उम्मीदवारी से इस्तीफा दे दिया और भारत वापस आ गए।
Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress
He joined Non-Cooperation Movement which was started by Mahatama
Gandhi who made INC a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement,
he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his
political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the
Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after
being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party
and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.
In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress
and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad
industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic
thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from
the use of the country’s own resources. Bose’s vindication came in 1939 when he
defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the “rebel president”
felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi’s support.
सुभाष चंद्र बोस और भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस
Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz
An important development in the struggle for freedom during the
Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also
known as the Indian National Army, or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian
revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many
years, set up the Indian independence league with the support of Indians living
in the countries of south-east Asia.
When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the
countries of south-East Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from
among the Indian prisoners of war with the aim of liberating India from British
rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army,
played an important role in organizing this army.
In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose had escaped from India in
1941 and gone to Germany to work for India’s Independence. In 1943, he came to
Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian
National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the
freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among who
were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various
countries of south-east Asia.
On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as
Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent
India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been
occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944,
three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the
north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah
Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the
soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and
passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt
to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.
The Indian nationalist movement did not view the Japanese
government as a friend of India. Its sympathies were with the people of those
countries which had fallen victims to Japan’s aggression. Netaji, however,
believed that with the help of the Azad Hind Fauj, supported by Japan, and a
revolt inside India, the British rule over India could be ended. The Azad Hind
Fauj, with the slogan of ‘Delhi Chalo’ and the salutation Jai Hind was a source
of inspiration to Indians, inside and outside the country. Netaji rallied
together with the Indians of all religions and regions, living in southeast
Asia, for the cause of India’s freedom.
Indian women also played an important role in the activities for
the freedom of India. A women’s regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which
was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani
Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to
the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of
India’s struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days
after Japan had surrendered.
The Second World War ended in 1945 with the defeat of fascist
Germany and Italy. Millions of people were killed in the war. When the war was
nearing its end and Italy and Germany had already been defeated, the U.S.A.
dropped atom bombs on the two cities of Japan-Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Within a
few moments, these cities were burnt to the ground and over 200,000 people were
killed. Japan surrendered soon after this. Though the use of the atom bombs brought
the war to a close, it led to new tensions in the world and to a new
competition for making more and more deadly weapons that might destroy all
mankind.
सुभाष चंद्र बोस और इंडियन नेशनल आर्मी (आईएनए) या आजाद हिंद फौज
जब जापान ने ब्रिटिश सेनाओं को हरा दिया और दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया के लगभग सभी देशों पर कब्जा कर लिया, तो लीग ने भारत को ब्रिटिश शासन से मुक्त करने के उद्देश्य से युद्ध के भारतीय कैदियों में से भारतीय राष्ट्रीय सेना का गठन किया। जनरल मोहन सिंह, जो ब्रिटिश भारतीय सेना में एक अधिकारी रह चुके थे, ने इस सेना को संगठित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
भारतीय महिलाओं ने भी भारत की स्वतंत्रता के लिए गतिविधियों में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। आजाद हिंद फौज की एक महिला रेजिमेंट बनाई गई, जिसकी कमान कैप्टन लक्ष्मी स्वामीनाथन के हाथ में थी। इसे रानी झाँसी रेजिमेंट कहा जाता था। आजाद हिंद फौज भारत के लोगों के लिए एकता और वीरता का प्रतीक बन गई। नेताजी, जो स्वतंत्रता के लिए भारत के संघर्ष के महानतम नेताओं में से एक थे, जापान के आत्मसमर्पण करने के कुछ दिनों बाद एक हवाई दुर्घटना में मारे गए थे।
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