Inspirational stories about Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, Career as a scientist डॉक्टर एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम के बारे में कुछ प्रेरणादायक कहानियाँ
Inspirational stories about Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
डॉक्टर एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम के बारे में प्रेरणादायक कहानियाँ
Life Changing Quotes Click Here
APJ Abdul Kalam Quotes Click Here
Early life and education
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul
Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage
centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in
the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and imam of a
local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife.His father owned a ferry that
took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited
Dhanushkodi.Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his
family.His ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners, with numerous
properties and large tracts of land. Their business had involved trading
groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as
well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. As a result, the
family acquired the title of "Mara Kalam Iyakkivar" (wooden boat
steerers), which over the years became shortened to "Marakier." With
the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the
businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time,
apart from the ancestral home.By his early childhood, Kalam's family had become
poor; at an early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his family's income.
In his school years, Kalam had
average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a
strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially
mathematics.After completing his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary
School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's College,
Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he
graduated in physics in 1954.He moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace
engineering in Madras Institute of Technology.While Kalam was working on a
senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and
threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the
next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to
him, "I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult
deadline".He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter
pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were
available in the IAF.
APJ Abdul Kalam Quotes Click Here
प्रारंभिक जीवन और शिक्षा
Career as a scientist
After graduating from the
Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical
Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after
becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He
started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by
his choice of a job at DRDO.Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee
working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.In 1969, Kalam was
transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the
project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which
successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980;
Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at
DRDO in 1965.In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the
programme to include more engineers.
In 1963 to 1964, he visited
NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight
Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.Between the 1970s
and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.
Kalam was invited by Raja
Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the
representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development.
In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project
Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the
successful SLV programme.Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects
through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.Kalam played an
integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these
classified aerospace projects.His research and educational leadership brought
him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to
initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship.Kalam and Dr V S
Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister,
worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a
proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking
planned missiles one after another.R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting
the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as
the chief executive.Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under
the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and
Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have
been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns.
Kalam served as the Chief
Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research
and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. The Pokhran-II
nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive
political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project
Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.Media
coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country's best known nuclear
scientist.
In 1998, along with
cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent, named the
"Kalam-Raju Stent".In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer
for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju
Tablet".
एक वैज्ञानिक के रूप में करियर
Few
inspirational stories about Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
I have compiled a few happenings from the life of The Missile
Man of India and our 11th president (1931- 2015) who lived in Rameswaram (Tamil
Nadu). He belonged to a middle-class family. Dr. Kalam’s father had some
informal education and a good social circle. Family-owned boat-building
business. This gave exposure to metal and wood to Dr. Kalam and introduced
Engineering. He also loved watching birds fly as a child. This motivated him to
take up the interesting field of airspace-and-rockets professionally and work
as an Indian Aerospace scientist. As a child, Dr. Kalam witnessed their
business boat being washed away after a cyclone struck The Bay of Bengal.
His father remained calm and continued to work hard to rebuild the
business. The expression on his father’s face at that moment was recalled by
Dr. Kalam while designing the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV), Prithvi, and Agni
missiles, during unmet schedules, during rains at the rocket launch sites.
Precisely, Dr. Kalam learnt crisis management from his father. People were fond
of Dr. Kalam’s father and the son enquired him, one day, “Why?”. Father said
that one must be there when people are in need of moral support.
A train
stopped at the railway station in Rameswaram and Dr. Kalam’s cousin got the
newspapers, then delivered to the subscribers and hence, aided to household
income. World War II started then and Dr. Kalam was aged ~8-years-old. State of
emergency prevailed and the train stopped stopping at the railway station.
That’s when Dr. Kalam committed to help his cousin in the newspaper business.
Plan was that the business associate on the train would throw
newspapers-bundles on the platform and the job of the two cousins was to catch
it and deliver to the subscribers before sunrise. In the evening they
calculated the accounts for the same. Dr. Kalam enjoyed the ‘catching’ job and
was happy to contribute to the family’s income. He learned that one must be in
action every-day and keep commitments. His family taught him kindness,
faithfulness, honesty, self-discipline and that uniqueness resides in every
individual.
During
World War II there was a shortage of food. One evening, Dr. Kalam (aged
~8-years) ate happily. Later his elder brother told him that Dr. Kalam had
eaten mother’s share of food. Due to her child-love, she never refused when her
little ‘Abdul’ asked for more food. She slept hungry that night. The guilt
taught Dr. Kalam to always remember the needs of people around. Dr. Kalam was a
spiritual man with great respect for religious texts.
Dr.
Kalam’s father narrated him the story how his great-great-grandfather saved the
idol of Ramanathaswamy temple after it had fallen into a tank. He was treated
like a hero by the Hindus. Since, then Dr. Kalam’s ancestors and temple’s
associates were good friends and Dr. Kalam as a child befriended the priest’s
child. They sat together in the first row in school when a new teacher asked
the Muslim boy to sit on the last bench. They felt sad at this act. The boys
narrated the same to their respective fathers. The Hindu and Muslim father
discussed with the teacher about stopping this religion-based discrimination in
Rameswaram. The issue was sorted out with this true management principle of
talking openly on issues. This was one school in the district with ~400
students and thatched roof. All the teachers were focussed on making children
love the subjects that they studied. Teachers visited the house of the students
when someone was absent or someone topped in the class. There were no dropouts
in that school. Dr. Kalam believed that education must be imparted with love.
During
college days at Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Dr. Kalam tried his best
to make an aeronautical design for aircraft in a lab-class. But his teacher
rejected the design and gave him three days to design it again in order to
contain the scholarship that he had received. Dr. Kalam worked incessantly and
made it again. It was applauded as ‘outstanding’ by the same teacher who had
made Dr. Kalam face work pressure intentionally. This taught him that deadlines
do not exist and teacher who focusses on student’s progress is the best friend.
Holidays started at MIT and Dr. Kalam wanted to go home. He had to sell a book
that he loved in order to get money and purchase a ticket. Instead of
purchasing the book, the shopkeeper mortgaged it, lent money to Dr. Kalam and
promised not to sell the book until he returned. Hearing this, Dr. Kalam felt
that strangers are kind.
His dream
of being an air force pilot was lost by one rank. Dr. Kalam learned to accept
failure, move on and have faith on the larger plan of almighty in destiny.
Later, he joined the Ministry of Defence. One January 11, 1999, Avro ASP
aircraft crashed killing eight men. Dr. Kalam met the families who received aid
from the government. But this fall made him realize that the sacrifices of men
on fields is what actually builds up a nation. (Boat-building business taught
him that the boat is important but the men sailing in them are important too.)
Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been established in Thumba, Kerala with
a church on campus. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, Father of the Indian Space Program,
was behind starting ISRO and convinced the church officials to hand over the
same to scientists after getting the required approvals. India is the first
country where a church has been handed over for a science experiment. Dr. Kalam
is inspired by the story where scientific and spiritual minds came together for
a common cause for India. Now, scientists stay at the priest’s residence. Dr.
Vikram Sarabhai taught leadership traits to Dr. Kalam by setting examples, they
worked closely together. Leaders (a) listen
(b) think
creatively (c) build team (d) look beyond failures (e) stand with team and (f)
answer questions. At last, SLV-3 taught Dr. Kalam that (a) research,
engineering, science and technology are vital for a nation’s development, (b)
commitment, and (c) persistence matter at all costs.
As Dr.
Kalam says that is ‘My Journey’. He suffered from cardiac arrest while
delivering a lecture at IIM Shillong and passed away at the age of 83-years.
Left rich examples for us.
डॉक्टर एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम के बारे में कुछ प्रेरणादायक कहानियाँ
मैंने भारत के मिसाइल मैन और रामेश्वरम (तमिलनाडु) में रहने वाले हमारे 11वें राष्ट्रपति (1931- 2015) के जीवन की कुछ घटनाओं को संकलित किया है। वह एक मध्यमवर्गीय परिवार से ताल्लुक रखते थे। डॉ कलाम के पिता के पास कुछ अनौपचारिक शिक्षा और एक अच्छा सामाजिक दायरा था। परिवार के स्वामित्व वाली नाव बनाने का व्यवसाय। इसने डॉ. कलाम को धातु और लकड़ी का परिचय दिया और इंजीनियरिंग की शुरुआत की। उन्हें बचपन में पक्षियों को उड़ते देखना भी बहुत पसंद था। इसने उन्हें पेशेवर रूप से हवाई क्षेत्र और रॉकेट के दिलचस्प क्षेत्र को अपनाने और एक भारतीय एयरोस्पेस वैज्ञानिक के रूप में काम करने के लिए प्रेरित किया। एक बच्चे के रूप में, डॉ. कलाम ने बंगाल की खाड़ी में आए एक चक्रवात के बाद अपनी व्यापारिक नाव को बहते हुए देखा।
उनके पिता शांत रहे और व्यवसाय के पुनर्निर्माण के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करते रहे। उस क्षण अपने पिता के चेहरे पर अभिव्यक्ति को डॉ. कलाम ने रॉकेट प्रक्षेपण स्थलों पर बारिश के दौरान, उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान (एसएलवी), पृथ्वी और अग्नि मिसाइलों को डिजाइन करते समय याद किया। संक्षेप में, डॉ. कलाम ने संकट प्रबंधन अपने पिता से सीखा। लोग डॉ. कलाम के पिता को बहुत पसंद करते थे और बेटे ने एक दिन उनसे पूछा, "क्यों?"। पिता ने कहा कि जब लोगों को नैतिक समर्थन की जरूरत हो तो एक होना चाहिए।
रामेश्वरम में रेलवे स्टेशन पर एक ट्रेन रुकी और डॉ. कलाम के चचेरे भाई ने समाचार पत्र प्राप्त किया, फिर ग्राहकों को वितरित किया और इस प्रकार, घरेलू आय में सहायता की। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध तब शुरू हुआ और डॉ. कलाम ~ 8 वर्ष के थे। आपातकाल की स्थिति प्रबल हो गई और ट्रेन रेलवे स्टेशन पर रुक गई। तभी डॉ. कलाम ने अखबार के कारोबार में अपने चचेरे भाई की मदद करने का संकल्प लिया। योजना यह थी कि ट्रेन में बिजनेस सहयोगी प्लेटफॉर्म पर अखबारों-बंडलों को फेंक देंगे और दोनों चचेरे भाइयों का काम था कि वे उसे पकड़कर सूर्योदय से पहले ग्राहकों तक पहुंचा दें। शाम को उन्होंने उसी का हिसाब लगाया। डॉ. कलाम ने 'पकड़ने' के काम का आनंद लिया और परिवार की आय में योगदान देकर खुश थे। उन्होंने सीखा कि व्यक्ति को हर दिन कार्य करते रहना चाहिए और प्रतिबद्धताएं रखनी चाहिए। उनके परिवार ने उन्हें दया, विश्वास, ईमानदारी, आत्म-अनुशासन सिखाया और वह विशिष्टता हर व्यक्ति में रहती है।
द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के दौरान भोजन की कमी थी। एक शाम, डॉ. कलाम (उम्र ~ 8 साल) ने खुशी से खाना खाया। बाद में उनके बड़े भाई ने उन्हें बताया कि डॉ. कलाम ने मां के हिस्से का खाना खा लिया है। अपने बाल-प्रेम के कारण अपने नन्हें 'अब्दुल' द्वारा अधिक भोजन माँगने पर उसने कभी मना नहीं किया। उस रात वह भूखी सोई। इस अपराध बोध ने डॉ. कलाम को अपने आस-पास के लोगों की जरूरतों को हमेशा याद रखना सिखाया। डॉ कलाम एक आध्यात्मिक व्यक्ति थे जो धार्मिक ग्रंथों के प्रति बहुत सम्मान रखते थे।
डॉ. कलाम के पिता ने उन्हें कहानी सुनाई कि कैसे उनके परदादा ने एक टैंक में गिरने के बाद रामनाथस्वामी मंदिर की मूर्ति को बचाया। उन्हें हिंदुओं द्वारा एक नायक की तरह माना जाता था। तब से डॉ. कलाम के पूर्वज और मंदिर के सहयोगी अच्छे दोस्त थे और डॉ. कलाम ने बचपन में पुजारी के बच्चे से दोस्ती की। वे स्कूल में पहली पंक्ति में एक साथ बैठे जब एक नए शिक्षक ने मुस्लिम लड़के को आखिरी बेंच पर बैठने के लिए कहा। इस हरकत से उन्हें दुख हुआ। लड़कों ने आपबीती अपने-अपने पिता को बताई। हिंदू और मुस्लिम पिता ने रामेश्वरम में इस धर्म आधारित भेदभाव को रोकने के लिए शिक्षक से चर्चा की। मुद्दों पर खुलकर बात करने के इस सच्चे प्रबंधन सिद्धांत के साथ इस मुद्दे को सुलझा लिया गया। यह जिले का एक स्कूल था जिसमें ~ 400 छात्र और फूस की छत थी। सभी शिक्षक इस बात पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर रहे थे कि बच्चों को उनके द्वारा पढ़े गए विषयों से प्यार हो। किसी के अनुपस्थित रहने या कक्षा में किसी के अव्वल आने पर शिक्षक छात्रों के घर जाते थे। उस स्कूल में कोई ड्रॉपआउट नहीं था। डॉ. कलाम का मानना था कि शिक्षा प्रेम से दी जानी चाहिए।
मद्रास इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी (एमआईटी) में कॉलेज के दिनों में, डॉ कलाम ने प्रयोगशाला-श्रेणी में विमान के लिए एक वैमानिकी डिजाइन बनाने की पूरी कोशिश की। लेकिन उनके शिक्षक ने डिजाइन को अस्वीकार कर दिया और उन्हें प्राप्त छात्रवृत्ति को शामिल करने के लिए इसे फिर से डिजाइन करने के लिए तीन दिन का समय दिया। डॉ. कलाम ने लगातार काम किया और इसे फिर से बना दिया। इसे उसी शिक्षक द्वारा 'उत्कृष्ट' कहकर सराहा गया, जिसने जानबूझकर डॉ. कलाम को काम के दबाव का सामना कराया था। इसने उन्हें सिखाया कि समय सीमा मौजूद नहीं है और शिक्षक जो छात्र की प्रगति पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है वह सबसे अच्छा दोस्त है। MIT में छुट्टियां शुरू हो गईं और डॉ. कलाम घर जाना चाहते थे। पैसा पाने और टिकट खरीदने के लिए उसे अपनी पसंदीदा किताब बेचनी पड़ी। दुकानदार ने किताब खरीदने के बजाय उसे गिरवी रख दिया, डॉक्टर कलाम को पैसे उधार दे दिए और वादा किया कि जब तक वह वापस नहीं आएंगे तब तक किताब नहीं बेचेंगे। यह सुनकर डॉ. कलाम को लगा कि अजनबी दयालु होते हैं।
एयरफोर्स पायलट बनने का उनका सपना एक रैंक से टूट गया। डॉ. कलाम ने असफलता को स्वीकार करना, आगे बढ़ना और भाग्य में सर्वशक्तिमान की बड़ी योजना पर विश्वास करना सीखा। बाद में, वह रक्षा मंत्रालय में शामिल हो गए। 11 जनवरी 1999 को एवरो एएसपी विमान दुर्घटनाग्रस्त हो गया जिसमें आठ लोगों की मौत हो गई। डॉ. कलाम ने सरकार से सहायता पाने वाले परिवारों से मुलाकात की। लेकिन इस गिरावट ने उन्हें एहसास कराया कि खेतों पर पुरुषों का बलिदान ही वास्तव में एक राष्ट्र का निर्माण करता है। (नाव-निर्माण व्यवसाय ने उन्हें सिखाया कि नाव महत्वपूर्ण है लेकिन उसमें नौकायन करने वाले व्यक्ति भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।)
भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (ISRO) की स्थापना थुंबा, केरल में परिसर में एक चर्च के साथ की गई है। भारतीय अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम के जनक डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई, इसरो को शुरू करने के पीछे थे और चर्च के अधिकारियों को आवश्यक अनुमोदन प्राप्त करने के बाद इसे वैज्ञानिकों को सौंपने के लिए राजी किया। भारत पहला देश है जहां एक चर्च को साइंस एक्सपेरिमेंट के लिए सौंपा गया है। डॉ कलाम उस कहानी से प्रेरित हैं जहां वैज्ञानिक और आध्यात्मिक दिमाग भारत के लिए एक सामान्य कारण के लिए एक साथ आए। अब वैज्ञानिक पुजारी के आवास पर रहते हैं। डॉ. विक्रम साराभाई ने मिसाल कायम कर डॉ. कलाम को नेतृत्व के गुण सिखाए, उन्होंने साथ मिलकर काम किया। नेता (क) सुनो (बी) रचनात्मक रूप से सोचें (सी) टीम बनाएं (डी) विफलताओं से परे देखें (ई) टीम के साथ खड़े रहें और (एफ) प्रश्नों का उत्तर दें। अंत में, एसएलवी-3 ने डॉ. कलाम को सिखाया कि (ए) अनुसंधान, इंजीनियरिंग, विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी एक राष्ट्र के विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं, (बी) प्रतिबद्धता, और (सी) हर कीमत पर दृढ़ता मायने रखती है।
जैसा कि डॉ. कलाम कहते हैं कि वह 'मेरी यात्रा' है। IIM शिलांग में व्याख्यान देते समय उन्हें कार्डियक अरेस्ट हुआ और 83 वर्ष की आयु में उनका निधन हो गया। हमारे लिए समृद्ध उदाहरण छोड़े।
Presidency
Kalam served as the 11th
President of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential
election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by
Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.During his
term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President.
राष्ट्रपति पद
कलाम ने के.आर. नारायणन के बाद भारत के 11वें राष्ट्रपति के रूप में कार्य किया। उन्होंने लक्ष्मी सहगल द्वारा जीते गए 107,366 वोटों को पार करते हुए 922,884 के चुनावी वोट के साथ 2002 का राष्ट्रपति चुनाव जीता। उनका कार्यकाल 25 जुलाई 2002 से 25 जुलाई 2007 तक रहा।
On 27 July 2015, Kalam
travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet
Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a
flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the
auditorium after a brief rest.At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into
his lecture, he collapsed.He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a
critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of
life.Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead
of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m IST.
27 जुलाई 2015 को, कलाम ने भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान शिलांग में "क्रिएटिंग ए लिवेबल प्लैनेट अर्थ" पर व्याख्यान देने के लिए शिलांग की यात्रा की। सीढि़यां चढ़ते समय उन्हें थोड़ी परेशानी महसूस हुई, लेकिन कुछ देर आराम करने के बाद वे सभागार में प्रवेश कर पाए। शाम करीब 6:35 बजे। आईएसटी, अपने व्याख्यान में केवल पांच मिनट, वह गिर गया। उसे गंभीर हालत में पास के बेथानी अस्पताल ले जाया गया; आगमन पर, उनकी नब्ज या जीवन के किसी भी अन्य लक्षण की कमी थी। गहन देखभाल इकाई में रखे जाने के बावजूद, कलाम को शाम 7:45 बजे अचानक कार्डियक अरेस्ट से मृत घोषित कर दिया गया।
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